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CORESTA Meeting, Smoke Science/Product Technology, 2021, Online, ST 64

Effect of pH and storage temperature on e-liquid metal concentrations

COLLINS D.; HOCHSTETLER S.; CRABTREE R.; HEIGTER D.; NGO V.
Enthalpy Analytical, LLC, Richmond, VA, U.S.A.

E-liquids are available in a variety of nicotine formats and concentrations. Nicotine formats can be either nicotine freebase or nicotine salt. Nicotine salt is formed by combining nicotine with an organic acid. The pH of these nicotine salts ranges from 4-6 depending on the molar ratio, while the freebase is 7-9. The pH of the e-liquid has been shown to have an effect on the corrosion rate of the heater coils. To illustrate this effect quantitatively, different nicotine formulations at varying pH levels (pH 4-9) were formulated and tested. The nicotine was added to a 50:50 PG/VG base and the pH was then buffered to a range between 4-6 with lactic acid or benzoic acid to form nicotine lactate and nicotine benzoate respectively. Pods that contained a Nichrom wire were filled with these nicotine formulations and were stored at an elevated temperature (40 °C) for 7 days. In this study, a direct correlation was observed between decreases in pH and the concentration of metals measured in the e-liquid, specifically nickel and chromium. In addition, increases in the storage temperature also led to increases in metal levels observed. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the relationship of temperature on the chemical reactions of the e-liquid and metal wire.