Skip to main content
CORESTA Meeting, Agronomy/Phytopathology, 2021, Online, AP 17

Evaluation of novel biological control bacteria for management of angular leaf spot in dark tobacco

MARTINEZ-OCHOA N.; SHIELDS C.A.; ARAUJO ALVES M.; JOUBERT A.; MILLER R.D.
University of Kentucky, Department of Plant and Soils, KTRDC, Lexington, KY, U.S.A.

Angular leaf spot (ALS) caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pst) is the most important foliar disease of dark tobacco in Kentucky. In addition to cultural practices such as crop rotation, sanitation, and removal of debris, the antibiotic streptomycin is the only product currently registered for ALS management. However, its widespread use can have severe consequences as resistant strains of the pathogen have already been reported. Due to the nature of bacterial diseases, targeted management practices are extremely limited, and the use of biocontrol agents has become a great option to be considered. The objectives of our experiments were to test 32 known beneficial bacterial strains for their direct effect on the pathogen when tested under laboratory conditions, and to further test those with any antibiosis effect in plant bioassays under greenhouse conditions. Six-week old susceptible KTD8 tobacco seedlings were treated with selected bacterial soil drenches 7-14 days prior to being challenged with foliar sprays of the Pst pathogen. Seedlings were evaluated 14 days later for ALS by using a 0-10 visual scale rating, and by estimating lesion counts in scanned leaves with the Fiji imaging software. Bacillus cereus/proteolyticus (AP-94) and Bacillus safensis (AP-110) were the only bacterial strains that inhibited the Pst pathogen growth when tested in vitro in the laboratory. Further greenhouse testing of AP-94, AP-110, as well as Serratia marcescens (AP-4) and Bacillus altitudinus (AP-281), resulted in some significant ALS disease reductions. One possibility is that these beneficial bacteria are activating the plant defences, in a mechanism called induced systemic resistance (ISR), as documented by many biocontrol researchers around the world since the 1980s. These preliminary findings could serve as the foundation for further testing under field conditions, and hopefully the eventual creation of a biological control product that could help tobacco farmers commonly affected by ALS.