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CORESTA Congress, Berlin, 2016, Agronomy/Phytopathology Groups, AP 04

Kutsaga releases a Katambora Rhodes grass variety (G HR 1) for nematode management under tighter rotations

SHAVA J.G.; MAKUNDE P.T.; MAGAMA F.; SHAMUDZARIRA M.
Tobacco Research Board, Harare, Zimbabwe

Although the use of resistant varieties is effective, Katambora Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) has been used for a long time in rotations not only to suppress nematodes but also to improve the soil structure in tobacco farming systems. This grass was introduced into Zimbabwe in the early twentieth century from the Cape Province of South Africa. Over the years, however, Katambora Rhodes grass has lost its nematode suppression capability probably because of gene dilution since it is naturally out-crossing. Through recurrent breeding, a new Katambora grass variety (G HR1) with superior root-knot nematode suppression capability was developed at Kutsaga. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nematode suppression potential of G HR1 in tobacco rotations. Field trials were conducted at Kutsaga Research Station for three seasons. A split plot design with grass variety as the main factor and tobacco variety as the subplot factor was used. The land was first planted to the nematode susceptible cultivar K M10 for a season, to boost the nematode populations before being planted to G HR1 and the Old Katambora Rhodes grass for periods of 12, 24 and 36 months. Thereafter, plots were planted to tobacco (varieties K M10 and K RK26). A no grass control was included in the trial. Root galling and yield assessments were then conducted on the tobacco crops. Additionally, soil samples were collected at the end of each season to determine the root-knot infective juvenile populations after one, two and three seasons of grass. Results showed that G HR1 is superior to the Old Katambora Rhodes grass in its nematode suppression capability and is now recommended for use in shorter rotations of 12-18 months compared to 36 months recommended in the traditional grass fallow.