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44th TWC, Tob. Work. Conf., 2010, abstr. 90

Management of the tobacco cyst nematode on cigar wrapper tobaccos in Connecticut

LAMONDIA J.A.
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT, USA

The tobacco cyst nematode Globodera tabacum tabacum can directly affect shade and broadleaf cigar wrapper tobacco growth, yield and quality causing stunting, poor color and reduced leaf weights. Cyst nematodes also increase the incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt in broadleaf tobacco. Management of cyst nematodes can be difficult as they spread easily, persist in soils for years in the absence of host plants, reproduce on solanaceous weeds, and require host root stimulation to hatch in great numbers. Management tactics include rotation with non-host crops, which reduce populations by about 20% per year; trap cropping with tobacco with plant destruction prior to completion of the first nematode generation (reducing populations by 40-50%); destruction of broadleaf tobacco crop stalk and root residue to prevent development of the second nematode generation (nemastatic, holding populations steady over time); and the development of tobacco plant resistance. We developed broadleaf tobacco lines with genetic resistance to the tobacco cyst nematode. The single dominant gene for resistance was transferred from Nicotiana longiflora to N. tabacum along with wildfire resistance through TL106. We developed an F1 male-sterile hybrid, designated as B2, selected after extensive backcrossing and 8 cycles of selection each for resistance to Fusarium wilt , Tobacco Mosaic Virus, and the tobacco cyst nematode. B2 also carries moderate resistance to blue mold. B2 production stimulates cyst nematode hatch without significant nematode reproduction, reducing populations by 60-70% over a season. B2 results in superior cyst nematode management compared to fumigation and growth of a susceptible tobacco cultivar. Fumigation may reduce nematode populations by 80% but survivors can reproduce on the susceptible plants and increase populations such that fumigation is often required on an annual basis. Plant resistance is the most effective and economical means of managing the tobacco cyst nematode.