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49th TWC, Tob. Work. Conf., 2020, abstr. 74

Nitrogen fertilizer source selection and the impact to flue-cured tobacco nutrient assimilation and yield

VANN M.C.; WOODLEY A.; SUCHOFF D.H.; FISHER L.R.
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer source recommendations have changed over the last half century, transitioning from predominantly nitrate-N to ammonium-N based sources. The full implications of these new fertilizer programs to macro, secondary, and micronutrient assimilation at various growth stages and post-harvest measurements have not been reported. Research was conducted in 2016 and 2017 to test the effects of four N fertilizer sources (calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, urea-ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate) on these parameters.  Foliar concentrations of total N, phosphorus, magnesium, and chloride were not impacted by N source in green or cured leaf samples.  In contrast, foliar nitrate, potassium, and sulfur concentrations were sometimes influenced by N treatment.  Results were variable; however, nutrient deficiencies were not visually observed nor were they analytically identified, thus indicating that nutrient assimilation was sufficient. Foliar boron (early- and mid-season) and calcium (mid-season) concentrations were likewise influenced by N source. Foliar boron concentrations were identified as deficient in all treatments 3 weeks after transplanting and at layby. Applications of UAN reduced boron concentration by ≈2 to 4 mg/kg relative to other N sources 2 wk after layby and at flowering, with only the latter below the established sufficiency minimum of 18 mg/kg. Visual boron deficiency symptoms were not observed. Calcium concentration was greatest in treatments comprised of calcium nitrate, which would have provided an 95-112 kg Ca/ha.  Interestingly, residual soil calcium was >500 kg/ha which is 10 times greater than what is required for maximized yield and quality; therefore, the slight increase in calcium uptake has little practical value. Furthermore, foliar calcium concentration was deficient two weeks after layby (<0.75%) and were borderline deficient at flowering, regardless of treatment. Cured leaf concentration was remarkably higher, thus indicating that deficient calcium concentrations are often transient and will recover post-topping. Overall, these differences are likely to be of little concern as cured leaf yield, quality, value/ha, price/kg, and chemistry (total alkaloids and reducing sugars) were similar among all N sources. Nitrogen fertilizer source appears to have little practical effect on the assimilation of plant essential macro, secondary, and micronutrients. While nutrients, such as Ca and B, were deficient at different stages of growth, visual symptoms of deficiency were not observed nor were yield, quality, price, value, or chemistry impacted. Based upon these results it appears that commercial farmers have great flexibility in regards to N source selection. (Reprinted with permission)