To reduce harmful components in cigarette smoke, 3 kinds of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly (D, L-lactic acid) (PEDLLA) nanoporous hydrogels (PNH) were prepared and characterized by 1hydrogen-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (¹H-NMR), infrared spectra (IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser particle size analyzer. The results showed that the polymer had designed chemical structure with self-assembling character that appeared as hollow nanoporous particle with particle size around 100 nm. Hemoglobin was successfully immobilized into the hollow nanopore of PNH to provide hemoglobin immobilized nanoporous hydrogel (HINH). The total particle matter (TPM), tar, nicotine, CO and HCN in mainstream smoke of cigarette with a HINH filter were all decreased. According to different amounts of hemoglobin immobilized in hydrogel, CO decreased by 13.41% to 28.05% and HCN decreased by 13.27% to 21.24%, while cigarette smoking quality was only slightly affected. With significant selective reduction effects on harmful components in cigarette smoke, HINH has a good application prospect.