Crumbled and decayed peanut shell was applied in the matrix of tobacco float seedling system, the test results showed that among various mixing proportions, the germination rates of tobacco seed in the matrixes of 70% decayed peanut shell + 15% expanded perlite + 15% vermiculite and 80% decayed peanut shell +10% expanded perlite +10% vermiculite (v/v) were over 90%, presented no significant difference comparing with commercial matrix; and tobacco seedlings in the mentioned matrixes grew vigorously and rapidly after cross stage and showed better resistance to anthrax, especially in the matrix composed of 70% decayed peanut shell. Therefore, it is feasible to use decayed peanut shell as a substitute for grass char in tobacco float seedling matrix and matrix cost could be reduced.