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Bull. Spec. CORESTA Congress, Brighton, 1998, p. 74, AP1

Effects of nozzle sizes and application speeds on sucker control with suckercides requiring stalk rundown

PEEDIN G.F.; PRIEST J.A.; SMITH F.A.; RIDDICK M.G.
North Carolina State University, Dept. of Crop Science, Raleigh, NC, USA
Suckercide applications to flue-cured tobacco in the USA are made primarily with power sprayers. Except for maleic hydrazide (MH) applied alone, all other suckercides used alone or in combination require stalk rundown and subsequent contact with axillary buds for optimum effectiveness. Therefore, application speed with the commonly-used nozzle arrangement (TG3-TG5-TG3) is limited to 4 to 5 km/h to maximize spray delivery over the row with the suggested spray volume of 468 L/ha. The ability to apply these products at faster speeds without reducing sucker control would improve timeliness of suckercide application and allow more surface area to be treated during favorable weather conditions. In two experiments conducted in1997 with high clearance sprayers, two applications of a fatty alcohol contact (C+C), C+C followed by one application of a dinitroanaline (C+C+DNA), and C+C followed by one application of the DNA mixed with MH (C+C+[DNA & MH]) were each applied with three combinations of nozzle sizes and speeds that delivered 468 L/ha of spray volume: 1) TG3-TG5-TG3,138 kPa, 4.5 km/h, 2) TG5-TG8-TG5, 138 kPa, 6.1 km/h, and 3) TG6-TG8-TG6, 173 kPa, 7.4 km/h. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design at each location and sucker weights and numbers were recorded 24-36 hrs after the last leaf harvest. Treatment x location interactions were not significant for any variable measured. Results of partitioning percent sucker control by averaging over nozzle sizes and speeds were: C+C=38%, C+C+DNA=83%, and C+C+(DNA & MH)=92%; therefore, MH provided only 10% of the maximum sucker control obtained with the third treatment. Weight and number of suckers per plant were not increased for any chemical treatment when larger nozzles and faster speeds were used. MH residues on cured leaves were variable and not related to nozzle and speed combinations. Therefore, assuming proper application equipment and relatively level topography, application speed of suckercides requiring stalk rundown can be increased significantly by using larger nozzles, but without reducing degree of sucker control or spray volume per hectare. Results of experiments conducted in 1998 will also be reported.