Evaluation of the effects of organic and chemical fertilizer on quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco under irrigated and rainfed conditions
Traditional agricultural practices reduce organic matter and soil fertility and also cause a reduction in quality and yield in many parts of the world. Therefore, attention to the preservation of soil organic matter seems necessary. Also, in order to create stability in soil fertilization, it is necessary to use renewable sources such as organic fertilizers. For this purpose, a completely randomized block design was performed with 12 treatments and four replicates under two rainfed and irrigated conditions for one year using the tobacco cultivar K326. The resulting data was analyzed using MSTAT-C software. Treatments were T1 cow manure 10 tons per hectare; T2 cow manure 20 tons per hectare; T3 no fertilizer; T4 100 % chemical fertilizer; T5 enriched poultry manure 450 kg per hectare; T6 enriched poultry manure 450 kg plus 200 kg potassium sulfate per hectare; T7 enriched poultry manure 650 kg per hectare; T8 enriched poultry manure 650 kg plus 150 kg potassium sulfate per hectare; T9 enriched poultry manure 850 kg per hectare; T10 enriched poultry manure 850 kg plus 100 kg potassium sulfate per hectare; T11 Vermicompost 5 tons per hectare; T12 Vermicompost 10 tons per hectare. Variance analysis under the rainfed conditions showed that all quantitative traits (leaf length, width, thickness, green weight, dry weight, price, gross income, net income, leaf area index) were significant at the 1 % level. In the qualitative traits relative water content, cytoplasmic membrane, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll ab and carotenoids were significant at the 1 % level, chlorophyll a was significant at the 5 % level and the proline amino acid was not significant. The best treatment under rainfed conditions was T8 enriched poultry manure 650 kg plus 150 kg potassium sulfate per hectare. In the variance analysis table of the treatment under irrigated conditions all quantitative traits (leaf length, width, thickness, green weight, dry weight, average tobacco price, gross income, net income, leaf area index) were significant at the 1 % level. In the qualitative traits, relative water content and cytoplasmic membrane were significant at the 1 % level, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll ab was significant at the 5 % level, proline amino acid, chlorophyll b and carotenoids were not significant. The best treatments under irrigated conditions were the T8 enriched poultry manure 650 kg plus 150 kg potassium sulfate per hectare, the T7 enriched poultry manure 650 kg per hectare and the T4 cow manure 10 tons per hectare.