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CORESTA Congress, New Orleans, 2002, AP 14

A unique approach to phosphine monitoring during stored tobacco fumigation

THORN T.G.; COWAN F.S.; LONG G.A.; ROBINSON E.A.; THOMAS R.L.
Lorillard Tobacco Company, Greensboro, NC, USA

Effective control of Lasioderma serricorne (F.) has been incorporated into a worldwide fumigation standard for phosphine fumigation. The need for phosphine fumigation standardization has resulted from the emergence of resistant strains of L. serricorne. Over the last four years, the CORESTA Subgroup on "Pest and Sanitation Management in Stored Tobacco" has funded the development of time- temperature- and concentration-dependent standards for phosphine fumigation of stored tobacco. The implementation of this standard at Lorillard Tobacco Co. will be presented. The implementation involved a unique system for monitoring fumigant concentrations inside storage warehouses, outside the warehouses and at storage facility boundaries. The system uses a radio telemetry-based system that continuously monitors phosphine using two different types of electrochemical detectors (ECD/RT). The ECD/RT units were used to monitor phosphine inside and at varying distances from large tobacco storage warehouses during 2001 fumigations. Supervisory control and data acquisition software collected the data from each ECD/RT unit, displayed and updated it as new transmissions were received, and stored the data in secure databases. Phosphine concentrations outside five warehouses simultaneously under fumigation and at the facility boundaries were < 0.3 ppm, while phosphine concentrations inside the sealed warehouses ranged from 0 - 580 ppm. A comparison was made between the data collected at an ECD/RT unit approximately 4 m downwind of a sealed warehouse, and a colorimetric tube at the same location. The final phosphine concentration from the colorimetric method was 0.05 ppm, and the twenty-minute average for the ECD/RT was 0.13 ppm. This system allows for continuous, remote monitoring around warehouses under fumigation and superior time resolution allowing timely response to any fugitive emissions of phosphine.