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CORESTA Meeting, Smoke Science/Product Technology, 2019, Hamburg, STPOST 44 (also presented at TSRC 2019)

In vitro testing of an ethanol collection method combining particulate and gas-vapor phase components: in vitro micronucleus assay

SUKKA-GANESH B.; BHARTI S.K.; SCIAN M.J.; GILLMAN I.G.
Enthalpy Analytical, LLC, Henrico, VA, U.S.A.

Health Canada (HC) guidelines (T-502) for the collection and testing of cigarette smoke are used frequently for in vitro testing and although the guidelines allow for the collection and testing of the particulate phase (PP) and the gas-vapor (GVP) phase separately, the method has several limitations. The PP is extracted in DMSO while GVP components are trapped in PBS, which limits the trapping efficiency of volatile or non-water-soluble compounds. Because of this limitation, GVP is only routinely tested for cytotoxicity using the NRU assay, but not for genotoxicity (MN assay) or mutagenicity (Ames assay). We have evaluated the use of ethanol as a trapping solvent for PP and GVP components. ETOH-extracted PP+GVP was compared to PP or PP+GVP collected based on HC methods. CHO-K1 cells were exposed in the absence and presence of S9 metabolic activation for 3 hrs. (21 hrs. recovery) for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity (MN induction) following HC T-503 guidelines. Manual counting of MN was conducted in fixed cells stained with acridine orange. Dose dependent increases in MN were observed in all three types of extracts. Without metabolic activation, HC (PP), HC (PP+GVP) or ETOH (PP+GVP) exposure resulted in a mean fold MN increase in a dose dependent manner from 1.0 to 5.0× for all three extract types. With metabolic activation, HC (PP) and HC (PP+GVP) exposure resulted in a mean fold MN increase in a dose dependent manner from 1.0 to 5.0× while ETOH (PP+GVP) resulted in 1.0 to 3.7× fold MN increase. The ethanol method tested here allows for combined trapping of PP+GVP components yielding a single whole-smoke extract. The ethanol PP+GVP extract tested produces comparable cytotoxicity and %MN results when compared to DMSO extracted PP while allowing the testing of GVP and PP components together. NRU, Ames, and chemistry results are presented separately.